Source:Xinhua Published: 2013-10-7 8:40:12
The 21th Economic Leaders' Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) will kick start Monday in Indonesia's famed resort island of Bali under the theme of "Resilient Asia-Pacific, Engine of Global Growth."
The two-day event, the culmination of this year's APEC forum, is on the heels of the Ministerial Meeting and the CEO Summit.
Since the first informal leaders' meeting in Seattle, the United States, in 1993, the summit has been convened on a yearly basis in the Asia-Pacific region.
The following is the latest APEC Economic Leaders' Meetings since 2000:
-- Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei, 2000
The major topics of the meeting included globalization, the New Economy, economic and technical cooperation and human resource development.
The APEC leaders adopted the APEC Economic Leaders' Declaration: Delivering to the Community, and Action Agenda for New Economy in 2000.
-- Shanghai, China, 2001
The meeting was held under the theme of "Meeting New Challenges in the New Century: Achieving Common Prosperity through Participation and Cooperation." It had three sub-themes or agenda items: sharing the benefits of globalization and the new economy, advancing trade and investment, and promoting sustainable economic growth.
The leaders reached a consensus on the economic scenario of the world and the Asia-Pacific region, the direction of APEC development in the future, human capacity building and other issues.
-- Los Cabos, Mexico, 2002
The theme of the meeting was "Expanding the Benefits of Cooperation for Economic Growth and Development -- Implementing the Vision."
The leaders discussed counter-terrorism issues, growth policies for the new economy, ways to benefit from development, particularly for small, medium and micro enterprises, and ways to promote greater participation in the APEC by women and young people.
The meeting ended with the adoption of a declaration on economic growth and statements on counter-terrorism.
-- Bangkok, Thailand, 2003
The theme of the meeting was "A world of Differences: Partnership for the Future." The economic leaders adopted the " Bangkok Declaration on Partnership for the Future," calling for restarting the Doha Round of multilateral trade talks and enhancing human security through strengthened and better coordinated anti-terror efforts.
-- Santiago, Chile, 2004
The theme of the meeting was "One Community, Our Future." The leaders adopted the Santiago Declaration aimed at supporting global trade talks and improving global security among other issues.
-- Busan, South Korea, 2005
Under the theme of "Toward One Community: Meet the Challenge, Make the Change," the leaders agreed to advance free trade, enhance human security, prevent spread of avian influenza and revive the World Trade Organization's Doha Development Agenda.
They adopted the Busan Declaration on achieving stability, security and prosperity in the region and pledged to work toward the Bogor Goals with the Busan Roadmap, a mid-term stock-take of progress toward the Goals.
-- Hanoi, Vietnam, 2006
The leaders, after two days of discussions under the theme of " Toward a Dynamic Community for Sustainable Development and Prosperity," reached a consensus on a range of issues including advancing free trade and investment, enhancing human security, and building stronger societies and a more dynamic and harmonious community.
They adopted the Hanoi Declaration, reaffirming their resolve to revive the stalled Doha Round of World Trade Organization negotiations, and endorsed the Hanoi Action Plan to implement the Busan Roadmap for realizing the Bogor Goals of free and open trade and investment in the region by 2020.
-- Sydney, Australia, 2007
For the first time, APEC member economies issued a declaration on climate change, energy security and clean development outlining future action in support of a new international climate change arrangement and announcing a forward program of practical, cooperative actions and initiatives.
The leaders also adopted a major report on closer regional economic integration, including structural reform initiatives, and welcomed the new APEC Trade Facilitation Action Plan which will further reduce trade transaction costs by 5 percent by 2010.
-- Lima, Peru, 2008
The leaders issued a special statement on the global financial crisis, vowing to take action "individually and collectively" to restore confidence in their economies and keep the region moving along the path of long-term growth.
During the meeting, the leaders highlighted the urgency to curb any upturn of protectionism that could arise from the crisis and exacerbate the current economic situation.
The leaders urged companies to incorporate social responsibility into their business strategies to take account of social, labor and environmental concerns.
-- Singapore, 2009
The leaders issued a declaration pledging to undergo economic structural reforms, resist trade protectionism in order to develop a new growth model to sustain the weak global recovery.
They vowed to put in place next year a comprehensive long-term growth strategy while maintaining the emergency stimulus policies - - estimated at 1 trillion US dollars -- until a durable recovery has clearly taken shape.
-- Yokohama, Japan, 2010
Leaders pledged further efforts in promoting free trade and balanced economic growth and move forward with liberalization of trade and investment.
At the meeting themed "Change and Action," APEC formulated a new strategy for sustainable, balanced growth for the region that would be "put into practice steadily," and resolved to develop a vast regional free trade zone, which connects major economies such as the United States, China and Japan, with some of the fastest growing emerging economies, comprising the likes of Mexico, Indonesia and Thailand.
-- Honolulu, United States, 2011
In a joint declaration, the leaders vowed to be committed to taking concrete steps toward a seamless regional economy, in order to link their economies and markets ever closer together to the benefit of all.
During the summit themed "closely linked to the regional economy", APEC leaders agreed to build a seamless regional economy through tangible efforts including facilitating regional trade, launching the APEC Travel Facilitation Initiative, promoting green growth goals and eliminating unjustifiably burdensome and outdated regulations.
-- Vladivostok, Russia, 2012
Under the theme of "Integrate to Grow, Innovate to Prosper," the leaders reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening a multilateral trading system, vowing to push forward the Doha Round of global trade talks.
They pledged to refrain until the end of 2015 from raising new barriers to trade and investment, and to not impose new export restrictions or implement WTO-inconsistent measures in all areas. Consensus was reached on the development of green growth in a bid to seek practical, trade-enhancing solutions to global environmental challenges.
In particular, the APEC economies endorsed an APEC List of Environmental Goods containing 54 items, whose tariffs would be reduced to 5 percent or less by the end of 2015.