Russia has delivered a "spectacular" Olympics as the Sochi Winter Games closed on Sunday night with the whole country basking in athletic achievements and compliments from the Olympic chief.

In a fitting end to the Sochi Olympics, Alexander Legkov led Russia's podium sweep at the men's 50km cross country skiing and the host four-man bobsled team won a second gold, consolidating Russia's top place on the medal table - an ending few would have imagined after it finished only 11th in the 2010 Games.

Despite a few glitches including an unopened Olympic ring that marred the otherwise perfect opening ceremony, the Games was generally well-run.

International Olympic Committee (IOC) president Thomas Bach congratulated Russia in the closing ceremony for delivering "all what it had promised" and thanked President Vladimir Putin for his role ensuring their "extraordinary success".

Bach said the Games showed "the face of a new Russia, efficient and friendly, patriotic and open to the world", hailing the Olympics as "the athletes' Games".

Earlier in the day, Bach rated the Sochi Olympics as a "great" Games without a single complaint from athletes.

Bach said all participants had "overwhelmingly positive" response to the Games and they "loved" the venues and facilities.

"Whether you speak with the athletes, national Olympic committee, international federations, sponsors or broadcasters you hear a lot of praise for these Games," he said.

Bach's recognition was music to ears to the hosts who spent more than 50 billion US dollars on a world-class resort, six stadiums and long-term infrastructure improvements for the Sochi region.

Russia, according to Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Kozak, has fulfilled every pledge made by President Putin when he successfully bid for the Olympics in 2007 and promised a "really spectacular event".

Russia, shut out of top 10 with only three golds at last Games, proudly perched atop this time, having garnered 33 medals including 13 golds.

About one fourth of Russia's golds came from former South Korean Victor An, who won Russian hearts by sweeping three golds and one bronze to be the most successful athlete in Sochi.

An now has eight Olympic medals in total after also winning three golds and a bronze for South Korea in 2006.

Norway, spearheaded by Marit Bjergen and Ole Einar Bjoerndalen, came second overall with a 11-5-10 haul.

Bjoergen, 33, won a record sixth gold in the women's 30km mass start, equalling the record of Soviet speed skater Lidia Skoblikova and Russian cross country skier Lyubov Yegorova in taking six golds at Winter Olympics, the most by any woman.

Bjoerndalen became the greatest Winter Olympian in history by taking a record 13th medal. His eight winter Olympic golds tied compatriot Bjoern Daehlie's record.

Canada ranked third overall on its 10th gold from the 3-0 ice hockey victory over Sweden. It also swept two curling titles.

The United States was fourth with eight golds from snow and one from ice dancers Meryl Davis and Charlie White, followed by the Netherlands with eight golds, all from speed skaters who won 23 of the 36 medals on offer and taking a medal in all 12 events.

China finished 12th with nine medals including three golds, two golds less than in last Games, and remained the highest ranked Asian delegation, with South Korea placed 13th (3-3-2) and Japan 17th (1-4-3).

Apart from European and North American countries, only China, Japan, South Korea and Australia have struck gold in the winter Olympic history.

Zhang Hong claimed China's first ever Olympic speed skating gold in a feat hailed in the country as important as Liu Xiang's 110m hurdles victory in the 2004 Summer Olympics.

The other golds were from short track speed skaters Li Jianrou and Zhou Yang.

"Despite two less golds than in Vancouver and the withdrawal by injured four-time Olympic champion Wang Meng, it is a satisfying performance," said Xiao Tian, China's deputy chef de mission.

"It was a difficult Olympics for China. We have no advantage in the 12 new events added to the Sochi Games. The good news is that we are still the best in Asia."

Xiao praised Sochi's work, saying it was beyond expectations and had given China inspirations in bidding for the 2022 Winter Olympics.

A record 88 countries and regions competed in the Sochi Games but only 26 made it to the medal table.

Except for the 1980 edition, the Winter Olympics has been dogged by drug ghosts since the doping test was introduced in 1968.

The Sochi Games ended with six positive cases.

Austrian cross-country skier Johannes Duerr was thrown out of the Games for testing positive for blood booster EPO on Sunday.

Swedish ice hockey forward Nicklas Backstrom, Latvian hockey player Vitalijs Pavlovs, Ukrainian cross-country skier Marina Lisogor, German biathlete Evi Sachenbacher-Stehle and Italian bobsledder William Frullani were the other offenders.

The IOC has carried out 2,631 doping tests, including 1,420 non-competition tests - more than the planned 2,453 and more than ever before at the Games.

"What is important is that we see the system works," IOC president Bach said, adding it "shows the IOC is serious with zero tolerance."

Olympic competition wasn't free of controversy.

Russian Adelina Sotnikova stunned favorite Kim Yu-Na to take the women's figure skating gold in a controversial final, angering South Korea Skating Union which asked for a probe into the judging.

Canada and Slovenia protested against the aerodynamically beneficial outfits worn by the French who swept the ski cross podium, and took the case to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), which dismissed the appeals on Sunday.

Next Winter Olympics will be held in Pyeongchang, South Korea.