Candidates found cheating in this year's all-important national college entrance examinations, or gaokao, will not only risk their future career, but also their freedom, as for the first time, those who try to scam their way to a good grade could face years in jail.
Educational authorities believe that by dangling the prospect of a harsh punishment in front of the test-takers, it will safeguard the fairness of the tests, widely seen as an important part of social justice, analysts said.
According to an amendment to the Criminal Law, which was enacted in November, cheaters will face up to seven years in prison. Cheaters will also be banned from taking any other national education examinations for three years.
The ministries of education (MOE) and public security (MPS) have repeatedly urged local authorities to combat gaokao-related crimes, with over 170 suspects arrested and over 6,000 pieces of illegal information, both online and from other sources, having been dealt with. This includes advertisements selling answers and cheating equipment, the MOE announced Saturday.
A national campaign has also been launched to crack down on the sale of wireless devices for cheating, unauthorized gaokao content online and substitute exam sitters, the Xinhua News Agency reported.
Products and devices to aid in cheating have become increasingly sophisticated, ranging from watches, headphones and T-shirts with receivers to equipment usually used for spying. The industry makes huge profits, news site thepaper.cn reported, based on 84 court rulings in cases of gaokao cheating from 2012 to 2015.
In September 2015, 42 people were punished for organizing gaokao cheating in Jiangxi Province, including 22 government officials. Of the 22 officials, three were transferred to judicial departments for malfeasance, while the other 19 received administrative punishments.
Gaokao cheating has evolved from an individual practice to an organized criminal enterprise in recent years, which involves both teachers and test organizers. This severely affects the chance for students to have an equal shot at education resources, Lao Kaisheng, an education expert at Beijing Normal University told the Global Times.
"Safeguarding fairness in the gaokao and education in general is the baseline for China to maintain social justice," Xiong Bingqi, vice president of the 21st Century Education Research Institute in Beijing, told the Global Times on Sunday.
The whole nation experiences anxiety at gaokao time, and it has become a highly charged issue for every Chinese family, Xiong said, adding that many students and parents, especially those from underprivileged families, see it as a chance to move up a social class and gain higher status.
Bettering lives
"The gaokao is a route from rural to urban areas, and it's hard to imagine how I could have gotten where I am without the gaokao," He Jiang, a Harvard biology student who became the first Chinese mainland postgraduate student to deliver a commencement speech at the prestigious university, told ifeng.com in May.
Apart from anti-cheating efforts, several other measures, including traffic control and noise abatement around examination venues to create peaceful environments for students, have been implemented at local levels.
Beijing has for the first time deployed SWAT teams to escort the gaokao test papers, and at least eight police officers will be stationed at each test venue, the Beijing public security bureau told the Global Times.
Meanwhile, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Shandong and Hubei provinces urged universities to strictly manage students' attendance during the gaokao to prevent surrogate gaokao-takers.