A doctor checks a malnourished child as he receives medical treatment at the malnutrition treating department in Al-Sabeen hospital in Sanaa, Yemen, on October 17, 2019, the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty. (Mohammed Mohammed/Xinhua)

 
Unemployment and sluggish economic growth are fuelling social tension and popular protests in several Arab countries, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) said  on Monday.

The unrest is in turn ­contributing to slower growth in the Middle East and North Africa region, alongside global trade tensions, oil price volatility and a disorderly Brexit process, the IMF said in a report on the regional economic outlook.

Earlier this month it lowered the 2019 forecast for the region - taking in the Arab nations and Iran - to a meagre 0.1 percent from 1.1 percent last year.

The IMF slashed its outlook for the region's three largest economies - Saudi Arabia, Iran and the United Arab Emirates.

The risks around the forecast of earlier this month "are skewed to the downside and are highly dependent on global factors," the IMF said in its report on Monday.

"The level of growth that countries in the region are having is below what is needed to address unemployment," said Jihad Azour, the IMF's director for the Middle East and Central Asia.

"We are in a region where the rate of unemployment at the youth level exceeds 25-30 percent and this requires growth to be higher by 1-2 percent" in order to make a dent in joblessness, Azour told AFP in an interview.

The IMF report said that the high unemployment was worsening social tensions in Arab countries. 

"Unemployment averages 11 percent throughout the region versus seven percent across other emerging market and developing economies," the report said. 

"Women and young people are particularly likely to be out of work, with more than 18 percent of women... without jobs in 2018."

Violent protests have broken out in several Arab countries since early 2010 and turned into bloody civil wars in Syria, Yemen and Libya.

A new wave of demonstrations erupted over the last year in Algeria, Sudan, Iraq and Lebanon, typically demanding economic reforms and action against corruption.

In Lebanon, where protesters have brought the country to a standstill with demands for a full overhaul of the political system, the economy grew at a very slow pace over the past few years, Azour noted.

The IMF also said that public debt levels were very high in many Arab countries - exceeding 85 percent of gross domestic product on average, with rates of more than 150 percent in Lebanon and Sudan.

The IMF said that Iran, which is subject to crippling US sanctions, has entered a steep economic recession and faces a battle against spiralling inflationary pressures.

The Islamic republic's economy is projected to contract by 9.5 percent this year after posting negative growth of 4.8 percent in 2018.

As a result of the sanctions, Tehran is believed to be exporting only around 500,000 barrels per day of crude, down from over 2 million per day before the sanctions.

The IMF said that oil-rich Gulf Cooperation Council states, led by Saudi Arabia, are expected to grow by just 0.7 percent this year from 2.0 percent in 2018 due to lower oil prices and output.