A view of Alipay's building in Lujiazui, Shanghai in January. Photo: cnsphotos

State-backed firms are set to take a sizeable stake in a key Ant Group asset for the first time, three people told Reuters, in a move that will loosen the Chinese fintech giant's grip on a data treasure trove of more than 1 billion users and help revive its IPO.

The partners plan to establish a personal credit-scoring firm, said the people, adding that such a firm and ownership structure was one aspect of restructuring ordered by Chinese regulators who put a sudden stop to Ant's blockbuster IPO in November 2020.

The listing highlighted the outsized role of Ant and e-commerce affiliate Alibaba in China, triggering a regulatory clampdown on the business empire of billionaire founder Jack Ma. The result was a restructuring order for Ant, a record $2.75 billion fine for Alibaba for antitrust violations, and a near-three month disappearance of Ma from public view.

Under the plan, Ant and Zhejiang Tourism Investment Group Co will each own 35 percent of the venture. Other state-backed partners -- Hangzhou Finance and Investment Group and Zhejiang Electronic Port -- will each hold slightly more than 5 percent, said one of the people.

The only non-state investor will be Transfar Group, parent of logistics and financial services firm Transfar Zhilian Co, said the people with knowledge of the matter, who declined to be identified as the information was private.

Transfar's stake will total 7 percent, said one of the people.

Reuters' phone calls to Zhejiang Tourism seeking comment went unanswered. Ant and other shareholders did not respond to emailed requests for comment. 

The People's Bank of China (PBC, the central bank), which is overseeing Ant's restructuring, did not immediately respond to a faxed request for comment.

Government control

The plan, part of Ant's business revamp, would represent one of the most prominent outcomes of a government push for state-backed firms to exert more control and influence over fast-growing but previously lightly regulated new-economy businesses.

It follows an order by the PBC in April telling Ant to become a more strictly regulated financial holding firm, break its "monopoly on information and strictly comply with the requirements of credit information business regulation."

In June, Ant won operational approval for a consumer finance venture whose minority shareholders include state-owned firms. The venture puts Ant's lucrative micro-lending businesses under tighter regulatory purview.

The proposed joint venture would collect, manage and analyze consumer data to score individuals' credit, thereby bringing Ant's main business-data operations together and making regulatory oversight easier, said one of the people.

Under the framework being discussed for the new venture, shareholders will invest about 500 million yuan ($77.4 million) in the entity as registered capital, said another person.

They aim to establish what would be China's third licensed personal credit-scoring firm as soon as October, two of the people said. The other two are Baihang Credit Scoring and Pudao Credit Rating Co, both of which won approval in recent years and count several internet firms among their shareholders.

Big data

E-commerce and fintech firms such as Ant sit on a huge cache of consumer data that is the backbone of China's internet where, in finance, companies' offerings are as varied as loans and investment products sold via smartphones.

The government has issued tighter rules for fintech firms that collect and use personal data in financial services due to concern of the systemic financial risk they pose.

In January, the PBC issued draft rules clarifying the scope of information and businesses included in credit-scoring regulation, and it urged credit-scoring firms to apply for licenses and avoid the excessive collection of user data.

Ant, via super-app Alipay, collects data from over 1 billion users, many of whom are young, internet-savvy people without credit cards or sufficient bank credit records, as well as 80 million merchants, according to analysts and its IPO prospectus.

It runs Zhima Credit, one of China's biggest private credit-scoring platforms, with proprietary algorithms to score people and small businesses based on their use of Ant-linked services.