Kenyan paleoanthropologist Richard Leakey, lays a rhinoceros horn on a stake to be burned at a Zoo in Dvur Kralove, Czech Republic, on September 19, 2017. Photo: AFP

World-renowned Kenyan conservationist and fossil hunter Richard Leakey, whose groundbreaking discoveries helped prove that humankind evolved in Africa, died on Sunday at the age of 77, the country's president said.

The legendary paleoanthropologist remained energetic into his 70s despite bouts of skin cancer, kidney and liver disease. 

"I have this afternoon... received with deep sorrow the sad news of the passing away of Dr Richard Erskine Frere Leakey," President Uhuru Kenyatta said in a statement late Sunday.

Born on December 19, 1944, Leakey was destined for palaeoanthropology, the study of the human fossil record, as the middle son of Louis and Mary Leakey, perhaps the world's most famous discoverers of ancestral hominids.

Initially, Leakey tried his hand at safari guiding, but things changed when, at 23 he won a research grant from the National Geographic Society to dig on the shores of northern Kenya's Lake Turkana, despite having no formal archaeological training. 

In the 1970s he led expeditions that recalibrated the scientific understanding of human evolution with the discovery of the skulls of Homo habilis (1.9 million years old) in 1972 and Homo erectus (1.6 million years old) in 1975.

A TIME magazine cover followed Leakey posing with a Homo habilis mock-up under the headline "How Man Became Man."

Then in 1981, his fame grew even further when he fronted "The Making of Mankind," a seven-part BBC television series. 

Yet the most famous fossil find was yet to come until three years later: the uncovering of an extraordinary, near-complete Homo erectus skeleton during one of his digs in 1984, which was nicknamed Turkana Boy.

Battling ivory poachers

As the slaughter of African elephants reached a crescendo in the late 1980s, driven by an insatiable demand for ivory, Leakey emerged as one of the world's leading voices against the then legal global ivory trade.

President Daniel arap Moi in 1989 appointed Leakey to lead the national wildlife agency, soon to be named the Kenya Wildlife Service, or KWS.

In the year of 1989 Leakey pioneered a spectacular publicity stunt by burning a pyre of ivory, setting fire to 12 tons of tusks in order to make the point that they have no value if the ivories are removed from elephants.

He also held his nerve, without apology, when implementing a shoot-to-kill order against armed poachers. 

In 1993, his small Cessna plane crashed in the Rift Valley where he had made his name. He survived but lost both legs.

"There were regular threats to me at the time and I lived with armed guards. But I made the decision not to be a dramatist and say: 'They tried to kill me.' I chose to get on with life," he told the Financial Times.

Leakey was forced out of KWS a year later and began a third career as a prominent opposition politician, joining the chorus of voices against Moi's corrupt regime.

His political career met with less success, however, and in 1998 he was back in the fold, appointed by Moi to head Kenya's civil service, putting him in charge of fighting official corruption.

The task proved impossible, however, and he resigned after just two years.

In 2015, as another elephant poaching crisis gripped Africa, President Kenyatta asked Leakey to again take the helm at KWS, this time as chairman of the board, a position he would hold for three years.

Deputy President William Ruto said Leakey "fought bravely for a better country" and inspired Kenyans with his zeal for public service.

Softly-spoken and seemingly devoid of personal vanity, Leakey stubbornly refused to give in to health woes.

"Richard was a very good friend and a true loyal Kenyan. May he Rest In Peace," Paula Kahumbu, head of Wildlife Direct, which is a conservation group founded by Leakey, posted on Twitter.

AFP