A view of Seoul Photo: VCG

Editor's Note:
As Washington has intensified its efforts to strengthen the trilateral alliance with Seoul and Tokyo, East Asia is experiencing heightened tensions and, for many in the region, East Asia is almost on the brink of potential conflict. Against this backdrop, in an interview with Global Times (GT) reporter Xia Wenxin, Kwon Ki-sik (Kwon), president of the Korea-China City Friendship Association (KCCFA) and distinguished professor at Seoul Media Graduate University, said that South Korea should not be serving "as a pawn in the US' anti-China strategy." South Korea must restore balanced diplomacy as soon as possible, Kwon said. He also shared his views on China-South Korea relations, the importance of trilateral cooperation among Beijing, Seoul and Tokyo, and his recent trip to Southwest China's Xizang Autonomous Region.

GT: The US-Japan-South Korea trilateral leaders' summit at Camp David in August last year signaled that the US is strengthening cooperation with its two allies in East Asia. How do you see Washington's efforts to pull in Japan, and especially South Korea? 

Kwon: The US' intention to strengthen the US-South Korea-Japan trilateral alliance in East Asia means that it is difficult for the US to deal with China by itself. Unable to deal with China militarily and economically, the US now adopts a strategy to create an anti-China alliance with South Korea and Japan, two economic and military powers in East Asia.

The US' promotion of its alliance with South Korea and Japan is to demand a share in the military costs of defending against China, for example, through increased defense spending for the US military in South Korea.

[During his tenure,] former US president Donald Trump, called for a fivefold increase in South Korea's share of defense spending. South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol and Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, who have weak domestic political bases, have no choice but to bow to Washington's demands. Increased military cooperation between South Korea and the US is also likely to result in an increase in military tensions in East Asia. It is also likely to increase the risk of war on the Korean Peninsula. 

GT: At its annual summit this month, NATO proposed to deepen cooperation with the four Asia-Pacific countries, namely, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand, in a wide range of areas. Why is NATO strengthening cooperation with these four countries? Is NATO expanding into the Asia-Pacific region? 

Kwon: NATO recently proposed deepening cooperation with four Asia-Pacific countries in a variety of areas, which is consistent with the US strategy to strengthen the South Korea-US-Japan military alliance. The US believes that an anti-China military alliance in East Asia is not enough. Therefore, it is calling for NATO to cooperate with the four countries in the Asia-Pacific, with the intention of weakening China's influence in both East Asia and the Pacific and to bring European countries with diverse security interests together in a united anti-China front. NATO has also recognized the importance of security cooperation with the US, as it has been severely threatened by the ongoing war in Ukraine. NATO is already expanding its influence in the Asia-Pacific region.

GT: Why is it important for South Korea to maintain a balance between China and the US?

Kwon: South Korea's diplomacy has always been a conflict between balanced diplomacy and pro-US alliance diplomacy. Liberal presidents such as Kim Dae-jung, Roh Moo-hyun, and Moon Jae-in had pursued a balanced diplomacy between the US and China, while conservative presidents such as Park Geun-hye, Lee Myung-bak, and the incumbent Yoon Suk-yeol have focused on strengthening the South Korea-US alliance.

South Korea, in the middle of the US-China strategic competition, should aim for a balanced diplomacy. China is South Korea's largest export market, and South Korea's cooperation with China is essential for peace on the Korean Peninsula. South Korea should not serve as a pawn in the US' anti-China strategy. South Korea must restore a balanced diplomacy as soon as possible.

GT: How do you see the current development of China-South Korea relations?

Kwon: South Korea and China have had one of the world's most exemplary economic partnerships since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992. The two countries have achieved remarkable growth through economic cooperation and have worked together for peace on the Korean Peninsula. However, since the THAAD [Terminal High Altitude Area Defense] crisis during the Park Geun-hye administration, the relationship has started to suffer.
I believe that the worst phase of the relationship [between South Korea and China] has passed. The Yoon administration, facing a difficult domestic political environment, is unlikely to make any foolish moves that would worsen the relationship over the objections of the business community. South Korea has no choice but to pursue diplomatic stability, especially since it is hosting the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in 2025. South Korea and China have shared economic interests, so efforts should be made to restore good relations.

GT: The leaders of China, Japan and South Korea met in Seoul for the Ninth Trilateral Summit in May this year. How do you view the prospects for cooperation among the three countries?

Kwon: The Ninth Trilateral Summit held in Seoul in May was a partial achievement in terms of communication among the leaders of the three countries amid the US strategy of strengthening the anti-China alliance. However, it is difficult to achieve much unless South Korean President Yoon and Japanese Prime Minister Kishida change from pro-US alliance diplomacy to balanced diplomacy. In particular, Yoon's and Kishida's domestic political bases are weak, making it difficult for them to utilize their diplomatic and strategic assets. After the US presidential election, the new US administration's policy toward China will inevitably affect the trilateral cooperation.

The [China-Japan-South Korea] trilateral cooperation is of great significance in reducing the threat of war in East Asia and strengthening economic cooperation. Peace and prosperity in East Asia can be achieved only through trilateral cooperation. It is important for the three countries to gradually restore trust and expand cooperation through summits and ministerial meetings as well as business-to-business, local government and cultural exchanges.

GT: You visited Xizang not long ago. Can you share with us what you saw on your trip?

Kwon: During my trip to Xizang, I toured the regional capital city of Lhasa and the second-largest city of Xigaze. Two things impressed me. The first was that the cities are very vibrant. Since the opening of the Qinghai-Xizang Railway, I got the feeling that the local economy has been undergoing a significant development, with smoother logistics and an increase in tourists. I saw that the new downtown area of Lhasa is now like the downtown area of a big city like Beijing.

Second, I didn't see any of the ethnic conflicts that the Western media have hyped. I was impressed by the respect, harmony and cooperation among ethnic Tibetans, Han and other ethnic groups. When I visited Lhasa No.8 Middle School, I saw Tibetan and Han students living together and studying the Tibetan language and traditional culture, which made me think that the Chinese government's policy of ethnic integration based on favoring ethnic minorities has been very successful.

Xizang is pursuing economic development in a highly stable situation. The Western media's critical coverage of the region is a malicious distortion of the facts. As a former journalist, I can unequivocally testify to the stability and ethnic unity of Xizang.

GT: Some Western countries, led by the US, have been attacking China on various Xizang-related issues, and recently the US, in particular, has been increasingly playing the "Xizang card" by passing the Resolve Tibet Act. After your Xizang trip, what do you think about these moves by some Western forces? 

Kwon: Western politicians and media, especially those in the US, have distorted the facts about Xizang. Xizang is part of China, and the Tibetan people live in harmony with other ethnic groups. The Western media's distortions violate the media's mission to report the facts. Their false reports are motivated by a desire to attack the weak link in the defense of China's growth and global governance and to build an anti-China international order. This is not only unsuccessful, but also a foolish maneuver that will hinder the development and well-being of the Tibetan people.

GT: What role does the KCCFA play in promoting relations between our two countries? What efforts have been made?

Kwon: Since its establishment in 2016, the KCCFA has been contributing to the promotion of friendship between the two countries through local government exchanges and youth exchanges. One of the achievements of the KCCFA is the proposal and promotion of the sister city exchange program between Seoul's Geumcheon District and Xizang's Xigaze City. Since the establishment of the association's South Korea-China Economic Cooperation Center in Seoul in March, the KCCFA has been conducting various economic cooperation projects to contribute to the economic development of the two countries. In August, the China office of the South Korea-China Economic Cooperation Center will open in Hangzhou.

While at times countries may have a conflict of interest, cooperation between local governments should always be amicable. During diplomatic conflicts, local government exchanges serve as a shockproof system. I believe that it is in the national interest of South Korea to maintain friendly relations with China. The KCCFA will be China's best friend and a platform for exchanges.