PHILIPPINES-AUSTRALIA-JAPAN-US-MARITIME A handout photo taken on April 7, 2024 and received from the Australian Department of Defence on April 8 shows the USS Mobile littoral combat ship during a multilateral maritime cooperative activity between Australia, the United States, Japan and the Philippines off the coast within the Philippines Exclusive Economic Zone. Photo: AFP

The US Navy Secretary Carlos Del Toro on Wednesday revealed the US Navy's plans to upgrade the weaponry of its Littoral Combat Ship (LCS). These upgrades include equipping it with the MK-70 Payload Delivery System (PDS), with Del Toro expressing confidence that the LCS will play a crucial role in the future. However, a Chinese military expert told Global Times that whether this concept can play an important role remains to be seen.

According to the USNI News, the US Navy is planning a lethality upgrade on both classes of the LCS that includes the ability to launch larger missiles like the SM-6, Secretary of the Navy Carlos Del Toro said on Wednesday. 

"Today, the Littoral Combat Ship is equipped with the Naval Strike Missile (NSM), a long-range precision strike weapon. Eventually, many will receive the Mk 70 Payload Delivery System with vertical launch system technology," Del Toro said as he announced the service's efforts to upgun the Littoral Combat Ship with Naval Strike Missiles and containerized Mk.41 vertical launching systems at the Naval Institute's Defense Forum Washington.

On October 24, 2023, the US Navy's Independence-variant LCS, the USS Savannah (LCS 28), conducted a live-fire demonstration on October 24 in the Eastern Pacific Ocean utilizing a containerized launching system that fired an SM-6 missile at a designated target. 


The USNI News report said that the US Navy plans to install the two systems on Freedom and Independence Littoral Combat Ships under the Over-the-Horizon (OTH) Weapons System upgrade, which looks to deliver enhanced maritime strike capabilities to the class. Compared to the NSM, a low-observable missile that can strike targets more than 100 miles away, the containerized four-cell MK-41 vertical launch system can support the multi-role SM-6 and the intermediate ranged Tomahawk Land Attack Missile.

Del Toro claimed the MK-70 PDS would give the service "tremendous firepower and even more technical advantage over our adversaries."

Lockheed Martin also presented concepts that integrate NSM and up to three Mk 70 PDS onto the Freedom-class at Surface Navy Association 2024, USNI News reported.

Del Toro expressed confidence in the combat potential of the upgraded LCS. However, whether it can truly deliver "a strong comeback" with enhanced lethality remains uncertain. Chinese military expert Zhang Junshe told Global Times on Thursday that the LCS was originally introduced by the US Navy in the early 21st century to meet its operational requirements for a "from the sea to the land" strategy, focusing on operations in littoral areas. 

The LCS features modular mission execution capabilities, enabling it to perform mine-clearing and anti-submarine tasks in challenging hydrographic and meteorological conditions. However, it suffers from significant limitations in air defense and anti-ship capabilities, Zhang noted.

Zhang pointed out that the LCS was deployed to locations such as Singapore in the Far East, but during this period, it experienced frequent malfunctions. The modular mission execution performed poorly, and the ships faced issues like hull leaks and unstable electrical systems, often leaving them stranded. As a result, the LCS has been criticized within the US Navy. 

"With the growing far seas combat capabilities of some the US competitors, the US Navy's strategy has shifted back to the traditional goal of sea control, rendering the LCS ill-suited for the latest combat doctrines. This led to plans to retire the LCS from active service," Zhang added.

Subsequently, under the OTH weapons upgrade program, the US Navy sought to deploy air defense and anti-ship missiles on the LCS to address its inherent weaknesses. Zhang explained that the SM-6 missile can perform both air defense and maritime strike missions, while the Tomahawk cruise missile, with a range exceeding 2,000 kilometers, can strike deep into maritime targets, enhancing air defense and maritime strike capabilities. 

However, Zhang argued, "This concept may be 'ambitious in design but constrained in reality.' 

With a displacement of only about 3,000 tons—smaller than most frigates—whether the LCS can accommodate the MK-70 PDS and its associated missile payload while maintaining stability remains a challenge, Zhang said, noting that "the feasibility of effectively launching so many missiles is also in question. Based on the US descriptions, this is a classic example of 'overloading a small cart with a big load,' making it difficult to achieve sufficient combat capability. This warrants further observation."

Notably, NSMs have already been installed on forward-deployed Independence-class LCSs in the "Indo-Pacific" region. "We have every intent to deploy them aggressively. Everywhere around the globe. And the Persian Gulf, obviously with the mine-sweeping capability, and everywhere else its needed. Particularly in the Pacific with these added capabilities," said Del Toro. 

According to the USNI News, the US Navy plans to field a fleet of 25 Littoral Combat Ships - 15 Independence-class ships equipped with a mine countermeasures mission package that will eventually replace the legacy Avenger-class MCM ships based in Bahrain and Japan and 10 Freedom-class ships that will field a variation of the surface warfare package that will include Naval Strike Missile and Hellfire AGM-114L Longbow strike missiles in addition to the MK-70 launchers.


In response, Zhang highlighted that this reflects the US military's operational priorities in "the Middle East, Asia-Pacific, and Europe." Del Toro's mention of the Persian Gulf and Pacific underscores the strategic focus on small watercraft maneuverability in the mine-laden waters of the Persian Gulf, where the LCS's small size and flexibility are advantageous. 

Meanwhile, in the Pacific, the US Navy's strategy revolves around countering "competitors" in littoral regions, aiming to strike both surface ships and land-based targets. This deployment strategy demonstrates the Navy's evolving strategic doctrine, Zhang said.

Global Times