In his separate visits to Kazakhstan and Indonesia in September and October 2013, President Xi Jinping called for joint development of an "Economic Belt along the Silk Road" and a "Maritime Silk Road of the 21st Century". The "Belt" and the "Road" are two major initiatives that China has made to deepen reform and opening-up and advance its neighborhood diplomacy.
China's economy has experienced a bumpy year in 2014, with growth having slipped to 7.3 percent in the third quarter year-on-year, the slowest pace since the first quarter of 2009 during the global financial crisis, when growth measured 6.6 percent.